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Diesel Particulate Filter


What is a DPF, and how does it work?
A DPF is a device that captures particulate matter from diesel engine exhaust gases. The filter is made up of a series of porous channels that trap particulate matter as it flows through the filter. Over time, the buildup of particulate matter can clog the channels, causing a decrease in performance and eventually requiring cleaning or replacement of the filter.

Common problems with DPFs
One of the most common problems with DPFs is clogging, which can result from a variety of factors. These can include using the wrong type of engine oil, driving conditions that don't allow for proper regeneration of the filter, or a malfunction in the engine or exhaust system that causes excess particulate matter to be produced.

Another common issue with DPFs is cracking, which can occur due to thermal stress or vibration. A cracked DPF will allow particulate matter to bypass the filter and enter the atmosphere, resulting in increased emissions.

Symptoms of a malfunctioning DPF
A malfunctioning DPF can cause a variety of symptoms, some of which are more obvious than others. One common symptom is decreased engine performance, as a clogged or damaged filter can restrict airflow and cause a decrease in power output. Another symptom is an increase in emissions, as particulate matter bypasses the filter and enters the atmosphere.

Fault codes associated with DPFs
When a DPF malfunctions, it may trigger one or more fault codes that can help diagnose the issue. Some of the most common fault codes associated with DPFs include:
  • P2452: This code indicates a problem with the diesel particulate filter pressure sensor, which may be caused by a clogged filter or a faulty sensor.
  • P2463: This code indicates that the DPF is too full and needs to be cleaned or replaced.
  • P2002: This code indicates a problem with the diesel particulate filter efficiency, often caused by a clogged filter or a malfunction in the engine or exhaust system.​​


Here below if need more academic article about DPF
What is Diesel Particulate Filter ?
Diesel particulate filters (DPF) are devices that physically capture diesel particulates to prevent their release to the atmosphere. Diesel particulate filter materials have been developed that show impressive filtration efficiencies, in excess of 90%, as well as good mechanical and thermal durability. Diesel particulate filters have become the most effective technology for the control of diesel particulate emissions—including particle mass and numbers—with high efficiencies.
How Diesel Particulate Filters Work?
As with any filter, they ‘filter’ or trap particles, in this case harmful diesel exhaust soot particles, so they have to be emptied regularly to maintain performance. The DPF needs to be cleaned regularly, through a process called regeneration, either active, passive or forced regeneration, the accumulated soot is burnt off at high temperature (around 600°c) to leave only a residue of ash, effectively renewing or regenerating the filter, ready to take on more pollution from the engine.

What is a DPF?
A Diesel Particulate Filter (or DPF for short) is a filter found in the downpipe section of the exhaust and is specifically designed to reduce the amount of Diesel Particulate Matter (Soot) passing through. The objective of this filter is to create cleaner / more eco friendly exhaust gases being release into the atmosphere. 
The purpose of this filter is to reduce pollutants resulting from combustion from being released to the atmosphere...

A diesel particulate filter will gradually become restricted and become more clogged up as a normal part of it's service life, a process called regeneration is designed to occasionally 'clear out' the particulate filter.
Unfortunately this needs specific driving conditions and when these are not met, the degree to which the filter is blocked can surpass the engine managements ability to regenerate the filter - leading to problems with power loss (see detailed list below) and even in the absolute worst case, risk to the car due to overheating of the filter.
​
The images on the right show different examples of the a DPF, as you can imagine with the first image this is very restrictive and easy to block causing the fault codes and running problems on the car.
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Problems
A blocked DPF can cause many problems including loss of power, economy and throttle response. With more extreme cases, filters that are extremely blocked filters can cause the engine not to start at all.
Symptoms and Fault Codes
There are multiple faults codes and symptoms that can point towards a faulty / blocked DPF.Symptoms:
  • Loss of power
  • Lower fuel consumption 
  • Reduced throttle response
  • Harder / Fails to Start
  • Limp Mode
Warning Lights:
  • DPF Light (yellow symbol in the top photo)
  • Coil and Engine Management lights
Fault Codes:
  • 009263 - Diesel Particulate Filter (Bank 1): Restricted/Clogged
  • 16855  P0471  001137 - Exhaust Pressure Sensor 1 (G450): Implausible Signal
  • 18434  P2002  008194 - Particle Filter Bank 1: Malfunction
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